Free Speech

Case - 497 U.S. 62

Parties: Rutan v. Republican Party

Date: 1990-08-30

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Paragraph: 13 - "For at least a quarter-century, this Court has made clear that even though a person has no 'right' to a valuable governmental benefit and even though the government may deny him the benefit for any number of reasons, there are some reasons upon which the government may not rely. It may not deny a benefit to a person on a basis that infringes his constitutionally protected interests—especially, his interest in freedom of speech. For if the government could deny a benefit to a person because of his constitutionally protected speech or associations, his exercise of those freedoms would in effect be penalized and inhibited. This would allow the government to 'produce a result which [it] could not command directly.'

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Preferred Terms:

  • (is) government benefits

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Paragraph: 43 - "In 1968 the Court held that 'a teacher's exercise of his right to speak on issues of public importance may not furnish the basis for his dismissal from public employment.' Pickering v. Board of Education, 391 U.S. 563, 574, 88 S.Ct. 1731, 20 L.Ed.2d 811 (1968). The Court noted that although criminal sanctions 'have a somewhat different impact on the exercise of the right to freedom of speech from dismissal from employment, it is apparent that the threat of dismissal from public employment is nonetheless a potent means of inhibiting speech.'

Notes:

Preferred Terms:

  • (is) speech from public employees

Phrase match: to freedom of speech from dismissal

Source: http://freespeech.iath.virginia.edu/exist-speech/cocoon/freespeech/FOS_newSTerms_One?doc=/db/fos_all/federal/SC/1990s/19900830.497.US.62.xml&keyword1=freedom of&wordsBefore=1&wordsAfter=3#m1

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Paragraph: 61 - N105* With regard to freedom of speech in particular: Private citizens cannot be punished for speech of merely private concern, but government employees can be fired for that reason.

Notes:

  • N105* / / / / Perhaps should be a reg? or cleaner phrasing?

Preferred Terms:

  • (is not) hiring and firing by the government

Phrase match: to freedom of speech in particular

Source: http://freespeech.iath.virginia.edu/exist-speech/cocoon/freespeech/FOS_newSTerms_One?doc=/db/fos_all/federal/SC/1990s/19900830.497.US.62.xml&keyword1=freedom of&wordsBefore=1&wordsAfter=3#m1

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Paragraph: 62 - Once it is acknowledged that the Constitution's prohibition against laws "abridging the freedom of speech" does not apply to laws enacted in the government's capacity as employer in the same way that it does to laws enacted in the government's capacity as regulator of private conduct, it may sometimes be difficult to assess what employment practices are permissible and what are not. That seems to me not a difficult question, however, in the present context. The provisions of the Bill of Rights were designed to restrain transient majorities from impairing long-recognized personal liberties. They did not create by implication novel individual rights overturning accepted political norms. Thus, when a practice not expressly prohibited by the text of the Bill of Rights bears the endorsement of a long tradition of open, widespread, and unchallenged use that dates back to the beginning of the Republic, we have no proper basis for striking it down.

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Preferred Terms:

  • (why is) government employment practices protective of employee speech
  • (is not) hiring and firing by the government

Phrase match: the freedom of speech" does not

Source: http://freespeech.iath.virginia.edu/exist-speech/cocoon/freespeech/FOS_newSTerms_One?doc=/db/fos_all/federal/SC/1990s/19900830.497.US.62.xml&keyword1=freedom of&wordsBefore=1&wordsAfter=3#m1

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Paragraph: 70 - Because the restriction on speech is more attenuated when the government conditions employment than when it imposes criminal penalties, and because "government offices could not function if every employment decision became a constitutional matter," Connick v. Myers, 461 U.S., at 143, 103 S.Ct., at 1688, we have held that government employment decisions taken on the basis of an employee's speech do not "abridg[e] the freedom of speech," U.S. Const., Amdt. 1, merely because they fail the narrow-tailoring and compelling-interest tests applicable to direct regulation of speech. We have not subjected such decisions to strict scrutiny, but have accorded "a wide degree of deference to the employer's judgment" that an employee's speech will interfere with close working relationships.

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Preferred Terms:

  • (is not) hiring and firing by the government

Phrase match: the freedom of speech," U.S

Source: http://freespeech.iath.virginia.edu/exist-speech/cocoon/freespeech/FOS_newSTerms_One?doc=/db/fos_all/federal/SC/1990s/19900830.497.US.62.xml&keyword1=freedom of&wordsBefore=1&wordsAfter=3#m1

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Paragraph: 44 - "In 1972 the Court reaffirmed the proposition that a nontenured public servant has no constitutional right to public employment, but nevertheless may not be dismissed for exercising his First Amendment rights.

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Preferred Terms:

  • (is) speech by public employees

Phrase match: constitutional right to public employment, but

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Paragraph: 86 - It is undeniable, of course, that the patronage system entails some constraint upon the expression of views, particularly at the partisan-election stage, and considerable constraint upon the employee's right to associate with the other party. It greatly exaggerates these, however, to describe them as a general " 'coercion of belief,' "

Notes:

Preferred Terms:

  • (is) association
  • (is) expression of views

Phrase match: s right to associate with the

Source: http://freespeech.iath.virginia.edu/exist-speech/cocoon/freespeech/FOS_newSTerms_One?doc=/db/fos_all/federal/SC/1990s/19900830.497.US.62.xml&keyword1=right to&wordsBefore=1&wordsAfter=3#m1

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Paragraph: 45 - N192* " 'For at least a quarter century, this Court has made clear that even though a person has no "right" to a valuable governmental benefit and even though the government may deny him the benefit for any number of reasons, there are some reasons upon which the government may not act. It may not deny a benefit to a person on a basis that infringes his constitutionally protected interests—especially, his interest in freedom of speech. For if the government could deny a benefit to a person because of his constitutionally protected speech or associations, his exercise of those freedoms would in effect be penalized and inhibited. This would allow the government to "produce a result which [it] could not command directly."

Notes:

  • N192* / quote / / Q0443 /

Preferred Terms:

  • (why is) speech and government benefits

Phrase match:

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